|
| Fathers and Families |
| by Ronald J. Rychlak |
| 6/10/08 |
|
With Father's day just around the corner, it's a good time to take a look at the importance of fathers in our society. In 1950, 6 percent of America's children lived in a home without a father. Today, almost one out of every four children does not have a "Dad" at home, and about 40 percent do not have their biological father at home. In fact, the United States is the world's leader in fatherless families.
According to David Blackenhorn, author of Fatherless America: Confronting Our Most Urgent Social Problem, being a father is "society's most important role for men." A good father "puts his family first. He is responsible for them. He sacrifices for them." He may pitch in with household duties, but that is not his most important contribution to the family.
Fathers help their children grow by encouraging them to explore their limits. Blackenhorn explains: "Fathers are likely to devote special attention to character traits necessary for the future, especially qualities such as independence, self-reliance, and the willingness to test limits and take risks." Fathers also provide economic security: Children living in single-parent homes are far more likely to experience poverty in their youth than are children in two-parent families.
Watching a father leave is particularly devastating to children. We have always known that divorce can have a significant psychological impact on a child, but there was always the argument that perhaps children would be better off living with one parent (almost always the mother) than with two parents who were unhappy together. The evidence is now in, and the hypothesis has failed.
In The Abolition of Marriage, author Maggie Gallagher summarizes the massive evidence showing that "short of pathological brutality, divorce is never good for children." Moreover, remarriage after divorce typically does not solve the children's problems and often makes them worse. (Interestingly, children of widows usually do not suffer as badly as do children of divorced or never-married mothers.) Unfortunately, today we have a whole industry built around divorce, and that industry survives by encouraging people -- including parents -- to take the step that is so damaging to children.
There is much debate over the precise impact of fatherlessness, and we all know single mothers who have done a great job rearing their children. Nevertheless, fatherlessness has been linked to a significant increase in criminal activity, suicide, behavioral problems, chemical substance abuse, dropping out of high school, and being a victim of abuse (especially when the child lives with a mother who has a new man in the house). Well over half of all adolescent murderers and long-term prison inmates grew up without fathers in their home.
In addition to being important to the children, fatherhood also changes the father. The vast majority of crime in America is committed by young men. If these men were leading families, as good fathers do -- rather than engaging in drug abuse, gang activity, and other destructive behaviors -- they would have to go to work, earn money, and help take care of their children. They would be better people. As the nonprofit National Fatherhood Initiative puts it: "What reduces crime, child poverty, teen pregnancy, and requires no new taxes? -- Good Fathers."
Social programs designed to benefit children and poor families often do not work. When the government steps in to fill the role of economic provider, it strips young men of their self-worth. Men used to talk about "having to get married" when a woman got pregnant. It may not have been the happiest of situations, but for the father it was a time of assessing his role. He had to settle down and earn a living; he had to protect his family. He had to grow up.
What faces a young man in a similar situation today? If the woman decides to keep the baby, she does not need him for economic support; the government will take care of that. So the young man feels no obligation to settle down. He can stay carefree and avoid responsibility. In that situation, fatherhood is unable to have its civilizing effect. Unfortunately, men who father illegitimate children disproportionately turn to crime, use drugs, and suffer premature death.
If America is going to solve its social problems, young men must have positions of responsibility, and children need to have their fathers. We don't need more federal programs to replace fathers or to create jobs for young men. We need to teach boys how to become men. We need them to become responsible fathers. Mothers alone cannot take their place. Governmental agencies can't even come close.
Ronald J. Rychlak is the associate dean and MDLA Professor of Law at the University of Mississippi School of Law. He is the author of Hitler, the War, and the Pope (2000) and Righteous Gentiles (2005). Readers have left 7 comments. I like the overall gist of this essay, and I would agree in principle with what you've written here. As an adoptive dad, I bristle a bit at the comment on non-biological fathers. I'm better than a biological father; I'm a real father. But I'll let that pass for now. Two things: I think we also have to point out that society's emphasis on the nuclear family has also eroded the cultivation of fathers. In the past when a father would die, often the extended family and community provided support. Children would have other father figures to guide them, and single mothers would not bear the brunt of childrearing alone. Over the past generation, society has also committed itself to the incarceration of criminal men. I think we have to question if the urge for punishment doesn't come back to haunt us when we lament boys never "taught" to be men. Does not society have the responsibility to attempt to fill the gap when it takes dad away to prison? "We need to teach boys how to become men." I'd advise caution on overusing "teaching" as a principle. Instead, I'd emphasize that boys should be shown how to be men. It's not book-learnin'. It's more like a traditional apprenticeship for a craft. Boys try out being men. They screw up and someone is there to correct them, advise them, and help them make adjustments. It worked when society was less mobile and a young husband and father could rely on dad or grandad to help him. This would be a good example of the need for thinkers of both conservative and liberal stripes to join together. Liberal men's movements abound these days. Conservatives alone cannot provide enough answers or supply enough vision to get this problem tackled. I too would like to see closer knit families, but we're a get up and go society...couple that with a dogmatic individualism, and that isn't a recipe for familial piety to use Confucian terminology. Asian culture still practices it, but that too is changing. More nasty habits from the West. Written by David W. I have to wonder what type of responses this essay would get on a "typical" liberal blog. (I'm afraid I don't have one to recommend-- maybe something by the Children's Defense Fund?) Is this issue really that divisive? Or, as Todd suggests, does it enjoy support from folks across the social and political spectrum. Is there any way to test this, perhaps by posting it elsewhere? It's timely, and on the mark (though I can understand Todd's umbrage at the biological remark). Apart from that, well done! I'd advise caution on overusing "teaching" as a principle. Instead, I'd emphasize that boys should be shown how to be men. It's not book-learnin'. It's more like a traditional apprenticeship for a craft. Boys try out being men. They screw up and someone is there to correct them, advise them, and help them make adjustments. — ToddExactly! This is something that has been seriously lacking in Western Civilization during the recent past. I suspect that it is partly due to the over-emphasis put on higher education, as if maturity means being able to put off the rest of life in order to acquire one or more degrees. But that's another story. Written by Michael Healy, Jr. As an adoptive dad, I bristle a bit at the comment on non-biological fathers. I'm better than a biological father; I'm a real father. But I'll let that pass for now. — ToddLet's look at things in context, and not take everything as an insult (I know I get insulted too easily as well, so I'm speaking to myself as well here). All things being equal, it's better for a child to be raised by their biological parents. First, children have more 'identity' issues when they are raised by adoptive parents. Second, children are only available for adoption when something bad already happened. Either they were abandoned by their parents, or their parents died. There are situations where it is necessary for biological parents to abandon their children, but it should never be the ideal (which is one of the problems with gay marriage/gay adoption). That said, it is a really great thing to adopt children (unless the child was conceived in the first place FOR the adoptive parents). Adoption is usually a far less selfish act than having your own children or especially using fertility treatments (not that those are all always bad). Our concern should be what's best for the children. And it's best if their biological parents never abandon them. If a child already has no parents, then it is best that they be adopted. Adoption is a wonderful thing, and Todd, I praise you for adopting a child. But, even though the heart that leads someone to adopt is ideal, the situations that require adoption should never be seen as ideal. Written by Nathan Cushman Thanks, Nathan, for your perspective. I wasn't really insulted by the "biological father" comment. Usually comments like that show the originator in a poor light. In a neat biological world, people wouldn't die or abuse substances, or abuse their children. So, yes, I can agree with you that the picture we're given by Original Blessing is mom plus dad plus kids. I do think the Church and secular society have given short shrift to your principle: "Our concern should be what's best for the children." Too often, it becomes a question of legal power, moral status of parents, or other adult concerns that override the child's best interest. I will mention as an aside a print media piece I saw today that quotes a study that families with fathers have seen more than a doubling of the fathers' direct role in parenting over the past generation. Good news for two parent families, to be sure. Now what do we do about the kids who don't have dads? We can't just wring our hands and say, "Ooo. Too bad for you." I agree that many males need to be taught responsibility and how to be men. I married a former seminarian who is familiar with his faith. However, when it came to be his time to father, provide, protect his family....he left. He has a lack of sense of responsibility. He grew up in a father less home and is lost. How does a former seminarian of 3 years, leave his family, go to strip clubs, drink, and not even financially provide for his children? His family foundation is so cracked with dysfunction and verbal, emotional, and physical abuse. Women are left many times to provide. Many women will provide and take on all the roles in the family. Society does allow men to become irresponsible. They are not held accountable for their behavior. In the end, God sees all, he will help all of us single mothers who struggle to provide and nurture our children. How will the Church address this problem and hold fathers accountable? How will society hold men accountable? Or will they be held accountable by God later at judgement and their death bed when they need to account for how they parented? When will men be men? It is sad for our society. God always provides help to those in need. Perhaps many mothers will be saints. |








