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| Got Soap? On Swearing and Vulgarity |
| by Mark P. Shea |
| 9/17/08 |
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I've always loved this funny little tune from Chaucer's day called "Sumer is icumen in." Joyful and ebullient, it was doubtless sung by many an English peasant out sweating in the field and is full of the solid earthy, good humor of a people who were closely bound to the land. For them, one of the images of sheer joy was when the "Bulloc sterteth" and the "bucke ferteth." That latter clause is now rendered into modern English by very polite translators as, "The bull starts, the buck leaps." This loses rather a lot of the zesty force of the original and more flatulent meaning.
And that, I think, is telling. For the original was written in a Catholic culture that did not automatically equate the organic with the sinful. But we live in the land of post-Protestantism, which is still haunted by the notion that such language is, if not "swearing," at least "bad"--particularly if we are serious Christians.
Scripture has a number of things to tell us about the use of our tongues. Probably the most basic prohibitions we have are the twin commandments in the Decalogue against taking the name of God in vain and the prohibition against bearing false witness against your neighbor. I call them "twin" commandments because they mirror the commandment to love God with all your heart, soul, mind, and strength; and the commandment to love your neighbor as yourself.
The Decalogue constitutes the "floor" of human morality: It's the lowest you can go and still be obeying God. In short, if you can't love your neighbor, at least don't kill him, rob him, or lie about him or run off with his wife. If you can't love God, at least don't call Him as witness to some lie you are telling; don't take His name in vain in an oath.
That's what "swearing" actually means: calling God as witness to something false. Of course, there are other ways in which we can take His Holy Name in vain, too, such as tossing it around in a way that makes it clear we either don't think He exists, or else by using it in such a manner as to reduce it to an acoustic noise as satisfying to utter as various other short four-letter Anglo-Saxon words having to do with reproduction and excretion. This is by far the most common way of swearing. An English speaker who casually spits out the name of Jesus or God when he trips over the cat is not invoking God falsely in an oath but simply reducing the Triune God to a satisfying glottal fricative indistinguishable from "Frack!" The difference is whether the swearer's contempt for God's Name is thinking or unthinking.
Sometimes, of course, the two forms of swearing can be combined, as when we blurt that God should damn this or that person. Anybody who gave serious thought to this would, I think, be horrified to realize what they are saying (and relieved at the billions of times such "prayers" have been ignored by God).
Most English speakers don't generally distinguish between swearing in the biblical sense and mere vulgarity. The average speaker of English learns from his mother not to use "bad words," then learns from his teenage friends how to use them properly, and calls it all "swearing." Scripture, however, does not seem to conflate words about various bodily functions with language involving God. Jesus and the apostles regard speech involving the Name of God as utterly sacrosanct. "Hallowed be Thy Name" is after all, at the core of the prayer life of Jesus Christ, just as it is at the core of the Decalogue. But about mere vulgarity, the New Testament is much fuzzier. If taking God's Name in vain is a mortal sin, the New Testament witness tends to suggest that mere coarse language and vulgarity are venial sins and, on occasion, no sin at all. Scripture, of course, counsels against the use of coarse language, but just what that means is not terribly well defined.
Therefore be imitators of God, as beloved children. And walk in love, as Christ loved us and gave himself up for us, a fragrant offering and sacrifice to God. But fornication and all impurity or covetousness must not even be named among you, as is fitting among saints. Let there be no filthiness, nor silly talk, nor levity, which are not fitting; but instead let there be thanksgiving (Eph 5:1-4).
So it's not shocking that Paul thinks dirty jokes (i.e., the "levity" proceeding from the immemorial industry of titillating ourselves with fornication, impurity, or covetousness) are to be avoided since they tend to reduce people (especially women) to objects, and this is foreign to the mind of Christ. Although he doesn't spell it out, Paul probably would not be wild about "pull my finger" jokes from Beavis and Butthead. Generally the tenor of this and other New Testament counsels is, "Does this really help you grow in love or happiness? If not, why not just avoid it and do something worthwhile instead."
But Paul, in his exasperation at the Judaizers who are trying to persuade Christians that they cannot be saved apart from keeping the ceremonial law of Moses, is capable of what polite Christians today would regard as vulgarity. For instance, after recounting his own eminent qualifications as a Pharisee of Pharisees, he then tells Philippians who are being swayed by Judaizers:
But whatever gain I had, I counted as loss for the sake of Christ. Indeed I count everything as loss because of the surpassing worth of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord. For his sake I have suffered the loss of all things, and count them as refuse, in order that I may gain Christ and be found in him (Phil 3:7-9).
The Greek word skubala that is politely translated as "refuse" has a more earthy and excretory meaning that is seldom held up as a model of conversational grace in Christian homeschooling circles. Likewise, Paul's grumbling wish that the Judaizers would just go all the way and castrate themselves (Gal 5:12) is not a message you hear being dilated upon from most pulpits these days.
That's not to say vulgarity is no big deal. We live in a culture awash in it, and adding to the river of sewage in the world is not a big help. Christian homeschoolers do well, as a general rule, not to instruct their kids in what the Sixties tediously called "keepin' it real." Keeping it clean is much more to the point in a culture that has a mouth like a toilet. We have a surfeit of raunchy comedians and superfluous sleaze. We do not have a glut of people who can carry on an articulate, thoughtful, and funny conversation without recourse to the F word as a sort of placeholder for actual thought.
On the other hand, a scrupulosity that regards "Sumer is icumen in" as morally equivalent to blasphemy is also not a good thing. Indeed, it can be the expression of a puritanical fear of creation that is a million miles from the good-natured celebration of thanksgiving for God's gifts that lies behind that cheerful song.
Finally, of course, there is the bright side to vulgarity and swearing. C. S. Lewis once remarked that almost the whole of Christian doctrine could be deduced from the fact that we tell dirty jokes and feel the dead to be uncanny. Why? Because both testify to the fact that we are curiously estranged from our own bodies, a clue which, when followed, leads us back to the fact of original sin.
Dogs see nothing funny about dog reproduction and approach it in the businesslike manner that they approach their dinners. Likewise, of all bodies, dead bodies are the least likely to harm us. But we recoil against -- and laugh at -- the peculiarity of our status as souls indwelling bodies and, still more, at the horror of souls severed from their bodies. We are, says Lewis, "half shocked and half tickled to death" to find ourselves being the creatures we are. We act like animals with rational -- and fallen -- souls for whom death is not natural, however normal it may be. So even the phenomenon of vulgarity bears witness, in its own queer way, to the truth of the gospel.
As to swearing? Well, Chesterton summed it up a long time ago: Nobody blasphemes Thor. Blasphemy too is the backhanded way we continue to bear witness to God, even when we mean to insult Him, or when it never occurs to us to think of Him at all. Not for nothing does Paul tell us that every knee shall bow.
Mark P. Shea is a senior editor at www.CatholicExchange.com and a columnist for InsideCatholic.com. Visit his blog at www.markshea.blogspot.com. Readers have left 22 comments. An English speaker who casually spits out the name of Jesus or God when he trips over the cat is not invoking God falsely in an oath but simply reducing the Triune God to a satisfying glottal fricative indistinguishable from "Frack!" The difference is whether the swearer's contempt for God's Name is thinking or unthinking. — Mark SheaDid you have Ezra Pound's startling parody of "Sumer is icumen in" in mind when you wrote this? I don't know what the rules would be here about posting such a thing, given its language, so I'll only mention that the piece is included in full at a later point in the Wiki article to which Mark has linked. Pound - an infamous man, to be sure, but no dummy in an academic sense - turns the poem's structure and style to winter, instead, and in so doing replaces the "lhude sing cuccoo" with loud cries of frustrated damnation. Though we may certainly object to its language, it can still at least stand as a delightful novelty in terms of Poundian lucidity - a commodity otherwise lacking in some of his more famous work. Do you have some CL friends that swear a lot? I bet you do... I certainly agree that there's no moral equivalence between blasphemy and mere foul language. I'd certainly be lying if I said I never used it. I think perhaps there are occasions where it could be okay, depending on the context. However, at least in my experience, it's generally connected to some sort of sin- usually anger, and sometimes in reference to the opposite sex. Those instances should be avoided. I read this article with particular interest as this weekend while I was walking the subject Of the differences between vulgarity, swearing and cursing sprang to mind unbidden. Your article explained them in far more depth than I achieved on my own. Thanks for a good piece. Written by Mpav I believe firmly that what goes into our stomach and intenstines through our mouth has an effect on the health of our body as well as is directly related to how much manure we produce. Analogously, what we allow to go into our minds through our eyes and ears will have an effect on the health of our soul and how much filth comes out of our mouths. Every foul-mouthed word we permit to pass our lips brings down the level of dignity in our world... and every expletive that we feel like saying but don't... raises the culture a little higher... towards God. Written by Ches My very holy pastor has explained that all vulgarity is a sin against modesty. Perhaps know you will stop sarcastically referring to Senator Obama as the Son of God. ...Didn't think so. Written by M.Z. Forrest I wholeheartedly agree with Ches. Our culture is saturated with foul, course, crude, obscene language. What happens to that language after it is "ingested?" It stays in the brain, in the spirit, in the soul and, obviously, on the mouths and lips and tongues of those who allow it into their lives. We become what we take in! We must guard against foul language as vigorously we do against images which do not honor God and which offend Him. Quote from St. Augustine: "Do not say that you have chaste minds if you have unchaste eyes, because an unchaste eye is the messenger of an unchaste heart." I submit that this quote is quite applicable to the horrible situation our children and our young people (actually, our whole culture) are assaulted with. Unclean eyes and unclean ears will produce unclean hearts and lips and words. We have become so desensitized to this "sewer" language that it has become "normalized." Our nation, in fact, our whole society, is now teetering on a precipice, in danger of falling into an abyss of corrupted hearts, minds, and llives, from which we may not recover. Gone are the lovely words, the kind expressions, the innocent remarks that are now so misinterpreted and often mocked. Instead we have gutter words, double-speak, and hateful, mean-spirited mockery and just plain gross words which mirror/produce gross, obscene behavior. I for one am sick and tired of it. It's everywhere! It assaults you and bruises you, hurts you, affects you. And if you dare object to it, watch out! Be prepared for more vitriol and quite explicit verbiage. God help us all, especially our children! They are in the cross hairs of satan's evil barrage! We continue to pray! Written by Dora We live in a culture awash in it, and adding to the river of sewage in the world is not a big help. Christian homeschoolers do well, as a general rule, not to instruct their kids in what the Sixties tediously called "keepin' it real." My daughter just started public school in the 10th grade and she was shocked that all the kids curse all the time in school. Maybe I was more shocked because we used to get in trouble for that. I am a generation above her, but I didn't think I was that old that the notion of cursing minors was something of a shocker. More than that though, I remember learning at home that is was low-class and girls should never swear in public. I know many females these days as a show of being enlightened, but in the end it is unnattractive. I have to say though, when I was young, I never cursed, but since having children, becoming over-tired, being around constant spills and accidents, my tongue has loosened and I am often ashamed of myself. You'd think it would be the other way around. is not making fun of God. It's really not complicated, dude. So the Church Lady bit really doesn't fly with me. Written by Mark Shea I didn't accuse you of making fun of Obama Worship. I accused you of blasphemy. Get it right. It's not complicated dude. Written by M.Z. Forrest You learn something every day. Written by Mark Shea This is really good news for me! Two of my (and many people's) most favoritist novelists, Walker Percy and Flannery O'Connor (well, and Christopher Moore, too, though he's far from a "Catholic novelist"), frequently used vulgarity to expose some eternal Truth or satirize the culture at large. "To the hard of hearing, you shout," and for some reason no matter how loud the ambient noise in the office is, everyone can still hear a fart. I know this sounds simple but remember the song Be careful Little Ears What you hear? Then the other verses are mouth what you say, next eyes what you see etc. There was a reason our parents taught us this. Becoming Holy is hard work but can be put into simple terms! God wants us to have the faith of a child. The problem is that when parents teach their kids that something is wrong because it's socially inappropriate and not good manners, well, sorry, that's weak, and you're leaving your child utterly uncatechized. Because if they grow up in a coarser culture and don't really have a problem with it, well, then, you've lost the battle. If parents teach their children what is right and wrong because of morals and what God thinks about things...then they at least know where they stand morally, no matter how coarse and immoral the culture gets. Written by kentuckyliz The whole verse for this song finishes as... because the Lord up above is looking down in love be careful little eyes what you see. So, as you can see not doing the right thing upsets God and yes we need to remember that manners mean something also! So it's both the God and how we act and treat people so yes it is catechizing your children, it's just easier for children to remember songs. also we don't need to be so legalistic. We need balance between love nad law! God Bless! My holy mother (coincidentally named Mary) taught me from the get-go that there are "bad words" that I shouldn't say. This included all the "bad words" YOU can think of and even the word "b-u-t-t." Imagine how threatening "I'm going to kick your b-u-t-t" must have sounded when you spelled the word. A month before I turned 19, I actually asked my mother if she would allow me to use "the b-word" and "the c-word" (c-r-a-p). I was always made fun of for not using those words and covering my mouth when hearing them (yes, I actually did; it was my first reaction). I didn't care about being made fun of, though, because I believed strongly in the commandment, "Obey thy father and thy mother." If I were to say those words, I would be disobeying my mother, no matter how old I was, and that would be a sin. My mom gave me permission to use those two words, and, after two weeks of not being able to bring myself to say them because my mouth just couldn't form the words, I started using them constantly. Shortly after I turned 20, I asked my mother if she would allow me to use expletives. I don't use them nearly as often, but I have said them with a smile on my face, thinking that it was funny. I only use them to be "funny." Now, I'm not saying that "the b-word" is a bad word. In fact, I really don't think it is, but my mother said it was crude. (Why would you really be talking about rear ends in the first place, though?) The point of my story is that, in the end, I realize how fortunate I am that my mother raised me the way she did. I never NEEDED to use those words, nor do I need to use them now. Perhaps expletives help release emotional stress at times for some reason. (Example: I woke up with 4 minutes until class this morning and started whisper-yelling the s-word multiple times because I was scared to death of what would happen to me for being late. God took care of it in the end, of course.) I agree that expletives and vulgarity run rampant in our society. I wish my mother had never given me "permission" to use the words. (She only did reluctantly and because I noted that I should be old enough to say a word and not feel guilty. She also granted me "permission" under the conditions that I not use them around her or my younger siblings.) Almost every single time I say a "bad word" besides the 4-letter b-word and the c-word, I feel guilty: not because I feel like I'm disobeying my mother but because those words do not bring me closer to God, nor are they truly necessary for anything. I know this is long, but I hope at least someone got a kick out of it. And I do remember that simple song, Robin. I love it, and now it's stuck in my head. So thanks for that. ;o) Written by Rachel R. Yesterday, my daughter came home from school, and she mentioned not only the vulgarity again, but she said she is sick and tired of hearing the "n" word all over the place. She said everyone (all races) uses it and they say it is acceptable because they pronounce the "er" at the end accented with an 'a', and it means "my friend". As in "what's up my n&^%a?" Or "N$%$a, please!" Why is it because some idiot decided the most offensive term can now be colloquial, it makes it OK. I am really beside myself. I am glad my children know better, but haven't people in this country suffered enough to make that term unacceptable? What's next, swatikas on street wear because it's cool? What does this say about these kids-all of them-their parents...Their is too much allowance with "well, their just kids" as an excuse for a lack of just simple manners for nothing more than the sake of nothing more than at least manners. Manners should be dumped on kids in more abundance than the other way around because they are being formed into people. Later in life it is easier for them to determine what manners can be dropped in certain situations than it is to construct an adult into a functionally respectful member of society when they have had no exposure to such thinking before. It seems that many of the earlier commenters are failing either to recognize the distinction Mark made, or to argue that such a distinction isn't useful or meaningful. I agree such a distinction between blasphemy and vulgarity is important; in addition it might be helpful to draw a distinction between insulting and non-insulting vulgarity. The latter distinction is probably going to be largely contextual, I reckon. Skubala? Love it. I was so fortunate to have taken 2 years of Latin in school. I think my first incidence of swearing in a foreign language was when I cobbled together "taurus feces". I almost never swore in English! Sadly, as I age I find myself serving as an increasingly bad example of control of linguistic passion. Thanks Mark for clarifying the difference between blasphemy and vulgarity. Here's to the Anglo-Saxon roots. I wrote an article on this topic, if anyone is interested: http://tinyurl.com/3z3lrh Mine goes more into what Scripture and the Catechism have to say about using foul language. |








