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| Reflections on the Struggle to Advance the Culture of Life |
| by Archbishop Raymond Burke |
| 9/26/09 |
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It is clear that we are experiencing today a period of intense and critical struggle in the advancement of the culture of life in our nation. The administration of our federal government openly and aggressively follows a secularist agenda. While it may employ religious language and even invoke the name of God, in fact, it proposes programs and policies for our people without respect for God and His Law. In the words of the Servant of God Pope John Paul II, it proceeds "as if God did not exist" (Pope John Paul II, Post-synodal Apostolic Exhortation Christifideles laici, "On the Vocation and the Mission of the Lay Faithful in the Church and in the World," 30 December 1988, no. 34).
At the same time, there is a lack of unity among those dedicated to advance a culture which respects fully the gift of human life and its origin in procreation, that is, in the cooperation of man and woman with God through the conjugal union and through education in the home which they have formed by marriage. Recent statements, occasioned by the Rites of Christian Burial accorded to the late Senator Edward M. Kennedy, have manifested profound disagreement and even harsh criticism among those who are publicly committed to the Gospel of Life.
As we share the same commitment to foster respect for human life and the integrity of marriage and the family, I wish to offer some fundamental reflections on how to advance the culture of life in our nation. The reflections are not comprehensive. It is my hope that, in some small way, they may help us both to address more effectively the Gospel of Life to the political leadership of our nation and to draw together in greater unity with all who are truly dedicated to promote the respect for human life and the integrity of the marital union and its fruit, family life.
Finally, by way of introduction, I have tried to relate these reflections to the Encyclical Letter Caritas in veritate, "On Integral Human Development in Charity and Truth," of Pope Benedict XVI, given on June 29th of this year. It seems to me that the development for which God has created man is achieved in the establishment of the culture of life. In the words of Pope Benedict XVI:
Hence charity and truth confront us with an altogether new and creative challenge, one that is certainly vast and complex. It is about broadening the scope of reason and making it capable of knowing and directing these powerful new forces [in the development of peoples], animating them within the perspective of that "civilization of love" whose seed God has planted in every people, in every culture (Pope Benedict XVI, Encyclical Letter Caritas in veritate, "On Integral Human Development in Charity and Truth," 29 June 2009, no. 33; hereafter, Caritas in veritate).
Our tireless promotion of the culture of life, in fact, responds to the deepest longing in every man, and in every society. It anticipates and prepares "a new heaven and a new earth," which Our Lord Jesus Christ will inaugurate at His Final Coming (Rv 21:1).
The Context
The context of my reflections is the truth that the struggle against the total secularization of our nation is, by no means, futile, that is, ultimately destined to failure. Notwithstanding the grave situation, in our nation, of the attack on innocent and defenseless human life and on the integrity of marriage as the union of man and woman in a bond of lifelong, faithful and procreative love, there remains a strong voice in defense of our littlest and most vulnerable brothers and sisters, without boundary or exception, and of the truth about the marital union as it was constituted by God at the Creation. The Christian voice, the voice of Christ, transmitted by the Apostles, remains strong in our nation. The voice of men and women of good will, men and women who recognize and obey the law of God written upon their hearts, remains strong in our nation.
Living outside of the United States of America, living in Europe, I can say, without hesitation, that many who recognize the human bankruptcy of a secularized culture are looking with hope to our nation, with hope that our people will claim anew the God-fearing and Christian foundations of our democracy. God has created us to choose life; God the Son Incarnate has won the victory of life for us, the victory over sin and everlasting death (cf. Dt 30:19; Jn 10:10). We, therefore, must never give up in the struggle to advance a culture founded on the choice of life, which God has written upon our hearts, and the victory of life, which Christ has won in our human nature. In fact, we witness every day the commitment of God-fearing Americans in advancing the cause of life and the family in their homes, in their local communities and in our nation.
With regard to the foundations of our democracy, it is sometimes said that, although the founders of our nation used religious language, their faith was not truly Christian in the sense that it was profoundly influenced by the secularist philosophy of the Enlightenment. In other words, if they believed in God, they understood God to be remote from man and the world, leaving man to his own designs, to his own making of himself and the world. In a particular way, the position that our country is not really founded on faith in God is said to be verified in the language of the Constitution of the United States of America, in which neither the name of God nor reference to His Law ever appear. Such a position is used to assert that the foundation of the union which is our nation does not rest ultimately upon the natural moral law but upon what a majority of the citizens wish at any given time, in accord with a rationalist and secularist philosophy.
Whatever may have been the philosophy of particular founders of our nation, it seems clear that the inspiration for the founding of the nation came from a declared faith in God and in the inalienable rights with which He has endowed man, as expressed in the Action of the Second Continental Congress, that is, The Declaration of Independence, on July 4, 1776. The Declaration of Independence makes it clear that government exists to safeguard the inalienable rights of man, which have their origin in God and are safeguarded by His Law. The representatives of our nation, at its beginning, concluded The Declaration of Independence with an appeal to "the Supreme Judge of the World" and, "with a firm reliance on the Protection of divine Providence," pledged their "Lives", their "Fortunes," and their "sacred Honor" to each other in support of everything which they had declared. The citizens of our nation, notwithstanding the persistent and strong influence of secularist philosophy, have consistently manifested belief in God and trust in His Providence, which faith and hope also have disposed them, as they disposed the founders of our nation, to give their lives to safeguard the God-given rights of "Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness." To deny the Christian foundation of the life of our nation is to deny our very history.
Articulating the context in which I place my reflections, I do not, in any way, deny the contribution which other religions and persons of good will have made to the life of our nation. To acknowledge the Christian faith which inspired the foundation of our nation and has sustained our nation is not a declaration of intolerance toward persons who are not Christians. It is, in fact, of the very nature of the Christian faith to love all men, without boundary or exception. The Golden Rule, taught to us by Our Lord Jesus, expresses the Christian embrace of all men, without boundary or exclusion (cf. Mt 7:12). For Christians, the acceptance of others who are not of the Christian faith is not a matter of tolerance, but of love which adheres to the truths of the faith while respecting the beliefs of those who are not Christian, as long as those beliefs are coherent with the natural moral law, that is, coherent with the respect for the "inalienable rights" with which God has endowed every man. Christian love does not have its foundation in blind tolerance of others and of what they think and say and do, but rather in the profound knowledge of others and their beliefs, and the honest acknowledgment of differences of belief, especially in what may compromise the life of the nation.
A second context of my remarks is the essential relationship of the respect for human life and the respect for the integrity of marriage and the family. The attack on the innocent and defenseless life of the unborn has its origin in an erroneous view of human sexuality, which attempts to eliminate, by mechanical or chemical means, the essentially procreative nature of the conjugal act. The error maintains that the artificially altered conjugal act retains its integrity. The claim is that the act remains unitive, even though the procreative nature of the act has been radically violated. In fact, it is not unitive, for one or both of the partners withholds an essential part of the gift which is the essence of the conjugal union. The so-called "contraceptive mentality" is essentially anti-life. Many forms of so-called contraception are, in fact, abortifacient, that is, they destroy, at its beginning, a life which has already been conceived.
The manipulation of the conjugal act, as Pope Paul VI prophetically observed, has led to many forms of violence to marriage and family life (Pope Paul VI, Encyclical Letter Humanae vitae, "On the Proper Regulation of the Propagation of Offspring," 25 July 1968, no. 17). Through the spread of the contraceptive mentality, especially among the young, human sexuality is no longer seen as the gift of God, which draws a man and a woman together, in a bond of lifelong and faithful love, crowned by the gift of new human life, but as a tool for personal gratification. Once sexual union is no longer seen to be, by its very nature, procreative, human sexuality is abused in ways that are profoundly harmful and even destructive of individuals and of society itself. One has only to think of the devastation which is daily wrought in our nation by the multi-million dollar industry of pornography. Essential to the advancement of the culture of life is the proclamation of the truth about the conjugal union, in its fullness, and the correction of the contraceptive thinking which fears life, which fears procreation.
It is instructive to note that Pope Benedict XVI, in his most recent encyclical letter on the Church's social doctrine, makes special reference to Pope Paul VI's Encyclical Letter Humanae vitae, underscoring its importance "for delineating the fully human meaning of the development that the Church proposes" (Caritas in veritate, no. 15). Pope Benedict XVI makes clear that the teaching in Humanae vitae was not simply a matter of "individual morality," declaring:
Humanae vitae indicates the strong links between life ethics and social ethics, ushering in a new area of magisterial teaching that has gradually been articulated in a series of documents, most recently John Paul II's Encyclical Evangelium vitae (Caritas in veritate, no. 15).
He reminds us of the essential part which a right understanding of our sexuality has in true human development. In treating the whole question of procreation, he underscores the critical nature of the right understanding of human sexuality, marriage and the family. He declares:
The Church, in her concern for man's authentic development, urges him to have full respect for human values in the exercise of his sexuality. It cannot be reduced merely to pleasure or entertainment, nor can sex education be reduced to technical instruction aimed solely at protecting the interested parties from possible disease or the "risk" of procreation. This would be to impoverish and disregard the deeper meaning of sexuality, a meaning which needs to be acknowledged and responsibly appropriated not only by individuals but also by the community (Caritas in veritate, no. 44).
The respect for the integrity of the conjugal act is essential to the context for the advancement of the culture of life. In the words of Pope Benedict XVI, it is necessary "once more to hold up to future generations the beauty of marriage and the family, and the fact that these institutions correspond to the deepest needs and dignity of the person" (Caritas in veritate, no. 44). Correspondingly, he notes that "States are called to enact policies promoting the centrality and integrity of the family founded on marriage between a man and a woman, the primary vital cell of society, and to assume responsibility for its economic and fiscal needs, while respecting its essentially relational character" (Caritas in veritate, no. 44).
Faith and Political Life
Regarding the faith and political life, there has developed in our nation the false notion that the Christian or any person of faith, in order to be a true American citizen, must bracket his faith life from his political life. According to such a notion, one ends up with Christians, for example, who claim personally to be faithful members of the Church and, therefore, to hold to the demands of the natural moral law, while they sustain and support the right to violate the moral law in its most fundamental tenets. We find self-professed Catholics, for example, who sustain and support the right of a woman to procure the death of the infant in her womb, or the right of two persons of the same sex to the recognition which the State gives to a man and a woman who have entered into marriage. It is not possible to be a practicing Catholic and to conduct oneself politically in this manner.
Such conduct is also not true to the founding principles of our nation and its government. While the clause of the First Amendment of the Constitution, which guarantees the free-exercise of religion, prohibits the imposition of purely confessional practices on the general population, it fosters the teaching and upholding of the moral law, common to all men, which is at the heart of every true religion. What kind of government would require that its citizens and political leaders act without reference to the fundamental requirements of the moral law?
While true religion teaches the natural moral law, the observance of the moral law is not a confessional practice. It is rather a response to what is inscribed in the depths of every human heart. Religious faith plainly articulates the natural moral law, enabling men of faith to recognize more readily what their own human nature and the nature of things demand of them, and to conform their lives to the truth which they recognize. For that reason, the founders of our nation acknowledged the importance of religious faith for the life of the nation. The free exercise clause, in fact, aims to protect the teaching and practice of religious faith for the sake of the common good. In his Encyclical Letter Caritas in veritate, Pope Benedict XVI reminds us:
The Christian religion and other religions can offer their contribution to development only if God has a place in the public realm, specifically in regard to its cultural, social, economic, and particularly its political dimensions. The Church's social doctrine came into being in order to claim "citizenship status" for the Christian religion. Denying the right to profess one's religion in public and the right to bring the truths of faith to bear upon public life has negative consequences for true development.... Reason always stands in need of being purified by faith: this also holds true for political reason, which must not consider itself omnipotent. For its part, religion always needs to be purified by reason in order to show its authentically human face. Any breach in this dialogue comes only at an enormous price to human development (Caritas in veritate, no. 56).
Presently, in our nation, the Christian faith has a critical responsibility to articulate clearly the natural moral law and its demands. Under the constant influence of a rationalist and secularist philosophy which makes man, instead of God, the ultimate measure of what is right and good, we have become confused about the most basic truths, for example, the inviolable dignity of innocent human life, from the moment of conception to the moment of natural death, and the integrity of marriage between one man and one woman as the first and irreplaceable cell of the life of society. If Christians fail to articulate and uphold the natural moral law, then they fail in the fundamental duty of patriotism, of loving their country by serving the common good. Pope Benedict XVI reminds us that the universal natural moral law "provides a sound basis for all cultural, religious and political dialogue, and it ensures that the multi-faceted pluralism of cultural diversity does not detach itself from the common quest for truth, goodness and God" (Caritas in veritate, no. 59). Referring to the fundamental moral defect of our culture, that is, "a conscience that can no longer distinguish what is human," Pope Benedict XVI declares: "God reveals man to himself; reason and faith work hand in hand to demonstrate to us what is good, provided we want to see it; the natural law, in which creative Reason shines forth, reveals our greatness, but also our wretchedness insofar as we fail to recognize the call to moral truth" (Caritas in veritate, no. 75).
Reality of Scandal
Recognizing the responsibility of Christians and of all men of good will to enunciate and uphold the natural moral law, we also recognize the scandal which is given when Christians fail to uphold the moral law in public life. When those who profess to be Christian, at the same time, favor and promote policies and laws which permit the destruction of innocent and defenseless human life, and which violate the integrity of marriage and the family, then citizens, in general, are confused and led into error about the basic tenets of the moral law. In our time, there is a great hesitation to speak about scandal, as if, in some way, it is only a phenomenon among persons of small or unenlightened mind, and, therefore, a tool of such persons to condemn others rashly and wrongly.
Certainly, there is such a thing as pharisaical scandal, that is, a malicious interpretation of the morally good or, at least, morally indifferent actions of another. The term comes from the supposed scandal which Our Lord Jesus caused to the Pharisees by, for instance, healing the man born blind on the Sabbath (cf. Jn 9:13-34).
But there is also true scandal, that is, the leading of others, by our words, actions and failures to act, into confusion and error, and, therefore, into sin. Our Lord was unequivocal in his condemnation of those who would confuse or lead others into sin by their actions. In teaching His disciples about temptations, He declared:
Temptations to sin are sure to come; but woe to him by whom they come! It would be better for him if a millstone were hung round his neck and he were cast into the sea, than that he should cause one of these little ones to sin (Lk 17:1-2).
It is clear that Our Lord taught as a primary responsibility, with the gravest of consequences, the avoidance of scandal, namely, of any act or failure to act which could lead another into sin. Our Lord's words are nothing less than vehement.
To ignore the fact that Catholics in public life, for example, who persistently violate the moral law regarding the inviolability of innocent human life or the integrity of the marital union, lead many into confusion or even error regarding the most fundamental teachings of the moral law, in fact, contributes to the confusion and error, redounding to the gravest harm to our brothers and sisters, and, therefore, to the whole nation. The perennial discipline of the Church, for that reason among other reasons, has prohibited the giving of Holy Communion and the granting of a Church funeral to those who persist, after admonition, in the grave violation of the moral law (Code of Canon Law, cann. 915; and 1184, § 1, 3º).
It is said that these disciplines which the Church has consistently observed down the centuries presume to pass a judgment on the eternal salvation of a soul, which belongs to God alone, and, therefore, should be abandoned. On the contrary, these disciplines are not a judgment on the eternal salvation of the soul in question. They are simply the acknowledgment of an objective truth, namely, that the public actions of the soul are in violation of the moral law, to his own grave harm and to the grave harm of all who are confused or led into error by his actions. The Church confides every soul to the mercy of God, which is great beyond all our imagining, but that does not excuse her from proclaiming the truth of the moral law, also by applying her age-old disciplines, for the sake of the salvation of all.
When a person has publicly espoused and cooperated in gravely sinful acts, leading many into confusion and error about fundamental questions of respect for human life and the integrity of marriage and the family, his repentance of such actions must also be public. The person in question bears a heavy responsibility for the grave scandal which he has caused. The responsibility is especially heavy for political leaders. The repair of such scandal begins with the public acknowledgment of his own error and the public declaration of his adherence to the moral law. The soul which recognizes the gravity of what he has done will, in fact, understand immediately the need to make public reparation.
If there has always been the danger of giving scandal to others by public and seriously sinful actions or failures to act, that danger is heightened in our own time. Because of the confusion about the moral law, which is found in public discourse, in general, and is even embodied in laws and judicial pronouncements, the Christian is held to an even higher standard of clarity in enunciating and upholding the moral law. It is particularly insidious that our society which is so profoundly confused about the most basic goods also believes that scandal is a thing of the past. One sees the hand of the Father of Lies at work in the disregard for the situation of scandal or in the ridicule and even censure of those who experience scandal. Teaching about the relationship of human ecology to environmental ecology, Pope Benedict XVI underscores a contradiction in "the overall moral tenor of society," which leads us and especially our youth into serious confusion and error:
If there is a lack of respect for the right to life and to a natural death, if human conception, gestation and birth are made artificial, if human embryos are sacrificed to research, the conscience of society ends up losing the concept of human ecology and, along with it, that of environmental ecology. It is contradictory to insist that future generations respect the natural environment when our educational systems and laws do not help them to respect themselves. The book of nature is one and indivisible: it takes in not only the environment but also life, sexuality, marriage, the family, social relations: in a word, integral human development. Our duties towards the environment are linked to our duties towards the human person, considered in himself and in relation to others. It would be wrong to uphold one set of duties while trampling on the other (Caritas in veritate, no. 51).
One of the ironies of the present situation is that the person who experiences scandal at the gravely sinful public actions of a fellow Catholic is accused of a lack of charity and of causing division within the unity of the Church. In a society whose thinking is governed by the "tyranny of relativism" and in which political correctness and human respect are the ultimate criteria of what is to be done and what is to be avoided, the notion of leading someone into moral error makes little sense. What causes wonderment in such a society is the fact that someone fails to observe political correctness and, thereby, seems to be disruptive of the so-called peace of society. Lying or failing to tell the truth, however, is never a sign of charity. A unity which is not founded on the truth of the moral law is not the unity of the Church. The Church's unity is founded on speaking the truth with love. The person who experiences scandal at public actions of Catholics, which are gravely contrary to the moral law, not only does not destroy unity but invites the Church to repair what is clearly a serious breach in Her life. Were he not to experience scandal at the public support of attacks on human life and the family, his conscience would be uninformed or dulled about the most sacred realities.
Proportionalist Moral Reasoning
At the root of the confusion regarding the moral law is a form of distorted moral reasoning called proportionalism or consequentialism. The Servant of God Pope John Paul II addressed the error of proportionalist moral thinking in his Encyclical Letter Splendor veritatis. At root, the error places all moral issues on the same level, failing to distinguish between intrinsically evil acts, that is, acts which are always and everywhere wrong, and acts which may or may not be wrong, depending on the objective conditions required for the act to be morally right. It is also given to the confusion of ends and means, judging the goodness of an act by the end it achieves, without reference to the immorality of the means used to achieve the end. Pope Benedict XVI makes reference to the harm done in questions regarding technology, when ends and means are confused (cf. Caritas in veritate, no. 71). He also cautions us about the equivocal use of the term, ethics, in questions of development, observing:
Much in fact depends on the underlying system of morality. On this subject the Church's social doctrine can make a specific contribution, since it is based on man's creation "in the image of God" (Gen 1:27), a datum which gives rise to the inviolable dignity of the human person and the transcendent value of natural moral norms (Caritas in veritate, no. 45).
According to the proportionalist way of thinking, procured abortion, which is always and everywhere wrong, is placed on the same plane with acts of war which may or may not be wrong. A recent article in a Catholic journal of bioethics gives expression to the proportionalist way of thinking. The writer states that he voted for a particular candidate whom he knew was in favor of embryonic stem-cell research, which involves the deliberate destruction of a human life at its beginning, because he agreed with the candidate on other issues, namely "the war in Iraq, universal health care, the importance of diplomacy and dialogue, energy policy, concern for the environment, and global climate change" (W. Malcolm Byrnes, "Confessions of a 'Pro-life' Obama Supporter," The National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly, 9 [2009], 241). The candidate for whom he voted was also in favor of procured abortion, including partial-birth abortion, and so-called "same-sex marriage."
According to the proportionalist way of thinking, each of us has the right to choose what are the most important moral issues. Ultimately, it lacks any relationship to the objective truth of actions. It fails to realize that unless the fundamental moral goods are safeguarded, that is, human life and the sanctuary of marriage, other moral issues, while having an importance, lose their ultimate meaning. In such a way of thinking, for instance, one can accept a program of universal health care, even if it includes the compulsory provision of abortion and the rationing of health care to the benefit of those considered to be "productive," while providing for the hastening of death for the aged, the weak and those with special needs, that is, for those considered to be "unproductive," according to the reasoning of whoever has political power.
In this regard, I find the language of values to be less than adequate to our moral discourse. Although I know it is common to speak of moral values, we must remember that the language of values, which comes to us from the world of economics, usually expresses a relative assessment of worth. What is a value to me may not be a value to another. What is really at stake are objective goods, created by God and participating in His own goodness, like human life and the union of man and woman in marriage. They are good in themselves, no matter how I may view them. Only when I am able to view them as they are, according to God's plan, am I able to do what is right and good. Only then I find happiness in a right relationship with others and with the world.
Whatever the good intention of using the image of a seamless garment to talk about the moral issues regarding human life, it has become identified with the proportionalist way of thinking in which, for example, acts of war, the use of the death penalty, procured abortion, embryonic stem-cell research, and euthanasia are viewed as matters of equal moral weight. In other words, the image covers over the distinction between intrinsically evil acts and acts which are not evil in themselves but can become evil, if unjustly taken. The moral questions pertaining to the safeguarding and fostering of human life are all related to one another but they are not of the same weight. To use the image of the garment, they are not all of the same cloth. The use of the metaphor of the seamless garment, while it may have been intended to promote the culture of life, has, in fact, been used to justify the acceptance of acts essentially contrary to a culture of life for the sake of attaining some seeming good. Whatever good intention those who have developed the "seamless garment" argument may have had, it falsely places intrinsically evil acts, that is, acts which are always and everywhere morally wrong, on the same plane with acts which, according to prudent judgment, may not sufficiently safeguard human life.
In a similar way, the language of common ground is employed in the advancement of a proportionalist or consequentialist way of moral thinking. Common ground, rightly understood, is the ground of moral goodness. It is established by what is objectively good. If, on the contrary, it is understood to be the compromise of certain moral truths for the sake of harmony with those who deny a moral truth, for example, the intrinsic evil of procured abortion or euthanasia, then it is a betrayal of the good and can only lead to the harm of self and others, and of society itself.
Sometimes, we hear that we as Christians or as apostles of the Gospel of Life must be careful to get along in society, not to separate ourselves or to appear to be counter-cultural. One wonders how such language squares with the essence of the Gospel, that is, to be "a sign of contradiction" (cf. Lk 2:34). At the same time, one cannot help but think of what Christians getting along and being politically correct has meant in other nations whose leaders had embraced an agenda of death and the totalitarianism which advanced it.
In some way, our consciences have become dulled to the gravity of certain moral issues. When insistence on the elimination of legalized abortion in our nation is dismissed as a kind of "single-issue" approach, as the obsession of the "religious right," which fails to take account of a whole gamut of moral issues, then we have lost the sense of the horror of destroying a human life in the womb. In a similar way, when the denial of nutrition and hydration to the gravely ill is seen as a "single issue," then we have lost a sense of the horror of failing to give basic care to a brother or sister who has grown weak for whatever reason. It is not a question of a single issue but of what is fundamental to life itself and to society. I recall the words of the Servant of God Pope John Paul II:
The acceptance of abortion in the popular mind, in behavior and even in law itself, is a telling sign of an extremely dangerous crisis of the moral sense, which is becoming more and more incapable of distinguishing between good and evil, even when the fundamental right to life is at stake. Given such a grave situation, we need now more than ever to have the courage to look the truth in the eye and to call things by their proper name, without yielding to convenient compromises or to the temptation of self-deception (Pope John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Evangelium vitae, "On the Good and Inviolability of Human Life," 25 March 1995, no. 58).
Common Good
Finally, in advancing the culture of life, we must be clear about the objective meaning of the common good. The Second Vatican Ecumenical Council described the common good as "the sum total of social conditions which allow people, either as groups or individuals, to reach their fulfillment more fully and more easily" (Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution Gaudium et spes, "On the Church in the Modern World," 7 December 1965, no. 26). The fulfillment of individuals and societies is not some subjective determination by those, for example, who are in power. It is the fulfillment which is written in the very nature of man, in nature itself. It is the fulfillment for which God has created us and our world, not the fulfillment which, at any given time, we may find attractive or useful. It is interesting to note that the English word, fulfillment, translates the Latin word, perfectio, that is, the perfection of the individual or group, according to man's proper nature and end. In The Declaration of Independence the objective fulfillment or perfection which the common good safeguards and promotes is described as "Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness."
In advancing the culture of life, we must be clear about the objective nature of the common good and of the perfection which it makes possible. Not everyone who uses the term, common good, understands its true meaning. In a recent article, a well-known European Catholic theologian, commenting on the Commencement Address of President Barack Obama at Notre Dame University on May 17th of this year, declared:
In fact, the speech to the University of Notre Dame seems strewn with references taken from the Christian tradition. There is, for example, an expression which frequently returns, "common ground," which corresponds to a fundamental concept of the social teaching of the Church, that of the common good (Georges Cottier, O.P., "La politica, la morale e il peccato originale," 30Giorni, 2009, no. 5, p. 33).
The common good refers to an objective perfection which is not defined by common agreement among some of us. The common good is defined by creation itself as it has come from the hand of the Creator. Not only does the notion of common ground not correspond to the reality of the common good, it can well be antithetical to it (for instance, if there should be common agreement in society to accept as good for society what is, in reality, always and everywhere evil).
In the words of Pope Benedict XVI, the common good "is the good of 'all of us', made up of individuals, families and intermediate groups who together constitute society" (Caritas in veritate, no. 7). The common good corresponds "to the real needs of our neighbors"; it is an act of charity which each Christian is to exercise "in a manner corresponding to his vocation and according to the degree of influence he wields in the pólis" (Caritas in veritate, no. 7). Pope Benedict XVI consoles and urges us onward in seeking the common good:
God's love calls us to move beyond the limited and the ephemeral, it gives us the courage to continue seeking and working for the benefit of all, even if this cannot be achieved immediately and if what we are able to achieve, alongside political authorities and those working in the field of economics, is always less than we might wish. God gives us the strength to fight and to suffer for love of the common good, because he is our All, our greatest hope (Caritas in veritate, no. 78).
Conclusion
It is my hope that these few reflections will help us all to engage with new enthusiasm and new energy in the struggle to advance the culture of life in our nation. The struggle is fierce and the contrary forces are many and clever. But the victory has already been won, and the Victor never fails to accompany us in the struggle, for he is faithful to His promise to us: "[A]nd lo, I am with you always, to the close of the age" (Mt 28:20). We know that, if we speak the truth and live the truth, Who is Christ the Lord of heaven and earth, we will foster a culture of life in our nation, a culture in which "Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness" is safeguarded and fostered for all, without boundary or exception.
Let us confide ourselves and our nation to the prayers of the Mother of God, under her title of Our Lady of Guadalupe, so dear to our continent. Through her ceaseless maternal care, she will not fail to bring us and our nation to the truth, to her Divine Son, Our Lord Jesus Christ. I conclude making my own the prayer with which Pope Benedict XVI concluded his latest Encyclical Letter:
May the Virgin Mary -- proclaimed Mother of the Church by Paul VI and honored by Christians as the Mirror of Justice and the Queen of Peace – protect us and obtain for us, through her heavenly intercession, the strength, hope and joy necessary to continue to dedicate ourselves with generosity to the task of bringing about "the development of the whole man and of all men" (Caritas in veritate, no. 79).
Archbishop Raymond Leo Burke is the Archbishop Emeritus of Saint Louis and Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura. This article is adapted from remarks he delivered at InsideCatholic's 14th Annual Partnership Dinner, on September 18, 2009. Readers have left 40 comments. Archbishop Burke began this well and I decided to wade in and read the whole thing. I read it all, some portions a few times. I wrote a long response, submitted it, and discovered it was overlong and I lost all I had written. (thank you Lord, for that awesome moment to practice patience!) My guess is it is a blessing to those who may have decided to read it. I will try to be more brief in this attempt. ![]() I know that what we have here is an opus that outlines well the Church's teaching in a way that is certainly of great use. I am convinced that there is an Eternal Law, that Natural Law exists, that our civil and canon laws are expressions of these, and that we do need reminding from time to time. This piece is extremely well done. I thought too, though, that I heard early in his teaching that the Archbishop wanted to reach out to a divided Catholic populace in this country. I was hopeful in this respect. Espeically as he described the political divides that appear to be growing among us as Catholics. I appreciated much, almost all, of what he wrote. I was looking forward to reading something new, or at least showing some awareness of where it is I seem to be coming from. I have to say much of what is here is good. There were new things, applications of new teachings that I will incorporate in my own teaching. I loved the inclusion of Benedict's latest encyclicals reminding us of the place reason has in purifying religion and that reason is purified by faith. It is sweet truth. This is a good, solid piece of writing, and will be good for instruction in many ways. Still, I was wanting more. You see, I was somewhat soured because I did not feel that I was reached. The archbishop seemed to set out by discussing context, the current political climate as it exists, but somehow failed to understand the nature of those who see things differently than he does. There are many groups of Catholics out there. This treatise will be hailed by many pro-life Catholics as a perfect polemic to use against those with whom they most vociferously disagree. Some will be absolutely apoplecitc at the apologetic. (sorry, I couldn't resist )But me, and my guess is, many who see things a bit more fuzzy than I do...well...it still doesnt seem to hit home solidly. You see, I feel as though the two groups are talking past each other. Progressive Catholics, for wont of a better term, are not faithless, mindless, partisans who can only forgive and never see truth. We are not pro-abortion, non thinking, nominal cafeteria catholics who have no idea what forming our consciences is about. There has got to be a way for us to connect. The fact that Archbishop Burke spoke about scandal after discussing current context and failed to at least acknowledge again the huge sex scandals of the last six or so decades in our Church leaves me a bit empty. How when discussing scandal, can you talk about the "irony" of political correctness and the scandalized being treated as though they are uncharitable? I mean, shouldn't there be a little humility as we discuss scandal? To not even acknowledge the recent sex scandals while trying to bridge a division among Catholics in a piece that started out by trying to include context seems ironic as well. Please know that I fully understand that the truth of what is laid out in the above work by Archbishop Burke is in NO WAY diminshed because of the sex scandals. Still, there are many, many more good works that need to be done to repair this great evil that has transpired. I fear that moral absolutism without contextual humility may not serve the Church, or reach the audience that Archbishop Burke most desires to reach. There are thousands of uncatechised Catholics out there who have little or no literacy in theology. They do not understand the words ecclesiology, or soteriolgy, much less have need for the terms we so easily toss about here on this site. But, those of us who do understand them, even have a passing mastery of them, some of us still feel looked down upon, even excoriated for actually following our consciences in this past election by voting for Obama. Archbishop Burke did not reference the USCCB Faithful Citizenship document in his words, either. This document came from all of our bishops and stated quite a bit what I in my conscience had already come to understand. That "There may be times when a Catholic who rejects a candidate’s unacceptable position may decide to vote for that candidate for other morally grave reasons." That despite the fact that I know I am pro-life, I still have a well formed, well prayed and well loved conscience that I followed this past November. Consistently I am told, though, by a certain type of Catholic, that I must have a malformed, or misinformed conscience. You know what? I am open to this possibility. I might have been wrong. I admit that freely. What I find odd, though, and quite common, is that many on the other side do not countenance this possibility much at all with respect to their own decision. All the arguing and exposition against seamless garments, and moral proportionalism can go on and on and on. In the end, each of us has to follow our conscience, regardless if it is malformed or not. I just wish there were more voices strong enough to ask those who seem self righteous, to lay off a bit, for the sake of peace and the possiblity of real communication. I will contiue to post as best I can. Peace to all who took the time to read this. Pray for me, as I will you. Written by Rich in person and was amazed, when I heard the truth spoken with such charity, how clearly it resonated within me. I am happy now to have the text of his remarks to share with others (in particular, one of our diocesan priests to whom I recommended Burke's remarks). Archbishop Burke's catechsis on the faith are well worth further study with the end in mind of further helping to form my conscience in harmony with the teachings of the Church. Written by Deacon Ed Thank you, Archbishop Burke! Rarely do I see the Church's position put forth with such clarity and CALMNESS! It gives me hope! And, to Rich: God Bless and keep praying. You have the courage to listen and to struggle with the issues. Keep at it! Keep informing your conscience! We are all on a different path, but, hopefully, seeking the same God. From personal experience, I KNOW it becomes clearer! Written by Linda One more point on the seamless garment. It is an attractive idea, and I agree, it has been misused. Rather than a seamless garment, I believe we must speak of a hierarchy of values and priorities. In Caritas in Veritate, Pope Benedict wrote of the relationship between abortion and the problem of poverty: "While the poor of the world continue knocking on the doors of the rich, the world of affluence runs the risk of no longer hearing those knocks, on account of a conscience that can no longer distinguish what is human." In other words, our ability to address the needs of the poor is severely compromised by our inability to acknowledge the humanity of the unborn child or the old or sick person, or anyone else marked for death by the Culture of Death. Written by Joe H Archbishop Burke is a great man who walks the walk and not wishy washy, you know just what he means when he says it. I saw him so upset with the other Bishops at the USCCB where they refused to vote together not to allow our Lord to be given to those politicians who promote the death of the unborn, like the Pelosi's, Kerry's and Kennedy's. I think any Catholic who voted for Obama this last election should be ashamed of themselves and committed a mortal sin Would a jew vote for a politician who is opposed to the Jewish state of Israel or their wellbeing? Not a chance. Catholics 50 years ago had to be taken serious by the Politicians as we used to before the liberalization of the church and the Catholic reformation of the 1960's as we like to call it, voted as a block. Now you have 57% of Catholics voting for a man who is a borderline socialist and promotes the death of the unborn. So many Catholics had such a hatred for President Bush who kept us safe for 8 years and saved how many millions of fetus from being laboratory experiments. So now you have Obama allowing unfettered access to the destruction of the unborn Thank you Archbishop for speaking your mind, please do not get discouraged Written by Francis Archbishop Burke's piece is a reminder of why we are blessed beyond measure to live in a democracy and not a theocracy. Long live separation of church and state! "The administration of our federal government openly and aggressively follows a secularist agenda. While it may employ religious language and even invoke the name of God, in fact, it proposes programs and policies for our people without respect for God and His Law." The archbishop IS referring to the Bush administration here, right? Written by Carmen Often times in life there is a difference between what is happening on the surface and what is "really" going on. Archbishop Burke seems to be trying to articulate the "orthodox" view of being a Catholic, in the world. But what really is going on seems more to be an attempt to get Catholics to view the world through the prism of Americanism (pursuit of life, liberty and happiness). Let me explain. Christian Humanism calls for us to "put on Christ" -- to take on the form of Christ. Only then are we "real" men and women. If we persevere in the struggle to participate in "being," to be real, to be holy, whatever you want to call it, we will see with Our Lord's eyes and love with Our Lord's heart. John Paul II is an example of a real man who saw with Our Lord's eyes and loved with Our Lord's heart. As such, he gave things their "proper weight." He didn't try to fit God's plans into "man's" plans (like the neo-cons), but rather worked to reconcile all things with God. So should we. Thank you, Bishop Burke! Thank you, InsideCatholic! Reading this talk is such a relief. The Bishop articulates the teaching of the universal Church in an understandable but learned style. Our local bishop is a "one issue among many" advocate so, as you can see, the whole business is very confusing. That's why its so helpful to have sound teaching from someone at Burke's level. Written by g A woman went to Padre Pio once long ago and told him she had had an abortion; he told her that the child she had conceived would have been a Pope...whether one believes this or not there can be no doubt that among the over 50 million human babies exterminated in the womb, and among the many, many more millions of human lives those babies would have generated, there were surely among them those who would have cured diseases, found solutions for world hunger and poverty, inventors, and artists and musicians and writers, mothers and father...explorers and missionaries, teachers, firefighters, policemen and women, relief workers, mothers and fathers and siblings...research scientists...health care people...and so many, many more...yet, we have rejected these human beings, broken them, and sent them back to their Creator unwanted, while we continue to look around at a world devastated by poverty and disease, ravished by war ... fearful of a nuclear holocaust...those rejected human babies could have been the peacemakers, the healers...so much loss!!! Written by Sa, The sarcasm is misplaced. Perhaps you intuit that this Democrat administration has made a series of proposals that are very bad indeed? I hope you will explore this intuition until you find that it is correct. The bishop used plain words and clear syntax so it will be hard to evade the simple truth he speaks. Written by John2 Quote(11) Follow what the Church has Taught for Centuries....like Archbish September 26th, 2009 | 3:13pm I think the problem lies in the contradictions and teachings of the church which for the first 1960 years or so declared she was the one true church and only through her can one be saved. Pope Pius X solemnly declared: " The City cannot be built otherwise than God has built it. Society cannot be set up unless the Church lays the foundations and supervises the work." Then with Vatican II, which the Archbishop quotes, you have Dignitas Humanae, which states: "This Vatican council declares that the human person has a right to religious freedom.... This council further declares that the right to religious freedom is based on the very dignity of the human person, as known through the revealed word of God and by reason itself."(4) How can that be? Through the revealed word of God? Through "Reason" itself? That sounds like Voltaire and the French Revolution where in France in 1789 the church land was confiscated and Thousands of clergy were beheaded, but we were all taught in school growing up how great was the French Revolution. Why was that? So the church has splintered and Archbishop Burke and others like myself believe that one must follow the magesterium and the teachings as they were always infallibly taught and not modernised to suit those who want to decide and pick what they want to believe and follow Written by John Rich--You illustrate the archbishop's point about proportionalism. He is addressing the fact that in a representative democracy that is heavily populated with people who claim to be Christians, there is an ongoing holocaust like no other in the history of mankind! Such a discussion has no place for the consideration of other issues, scandals. Besides, he's probably so disgusted with the US bishops that he doesn't even want to go there... We are blessed to have Archbishop Burke's clear articulation. Let's be thankful! Loretta Written by Loretta I read you differently than you read yourself. I think you are getting somewhere. Consider: “You see, I was somewhat soured because I did not feel that I was reached.” I think you were reached, and that the bishop’s message was delivered right on the button. The knockout victim is sure to learn something important. “There are thousands of uncatechised Catholics out there who have little or no literacy in theology. … some of us still feel looked down upon, even excoriated for actually following our consciences in this past election by voting for Obama.” First, I am sure the number ranges into tens of millions who have only a thin understanding of their faith. And that millions would like the truth to be other than what it is. So millions squirm about, trying to resolve their many disorders and resulting discomforts. Second, no well-catechized Catholic is looking down on you; that is a projection. I suspect you feel some combination of shame, embarrassment, and regret, as I would feel if I had voted for Obama. So third, we have perhaps a conscience that knows it misfired, would like the truth to be what they want it to be, and will continue to bother the owner until he confronts and repairs his disorders. What to do? Receive the sacraments, read, pray, talk, listen, practice discernment, and follow any discipline that helps to develop a fully Catholic conscience. We need every single one; we don’t want to lose even one. So those who turn toward the true deposit of faith are welcome. Nobody has reason to look down on you even though millions of Catholic Americans knew that Mr. Obama would be a disaster. We (I am one such) will not ostracize you. We will welcome you and, I suspect, give you the red carpet treatment. You have only to step on up. So I encourage you to keep going on this track; you show signs that rapid movement to the light is possible. We need every single one. As for the bishop, that old man knows a few things, doesn’t he? Written by John2 Francis: Sorry to disagree: "Archbishop Burke is a great man who walks the walk and not wishy washy, you know just what he means when he says it. I saw him so upset with the other Bishops at the USCCB where they refused to vote together not to allow our Lord to be given to those politicians who promote the death of the unborn, like the Pelosi's, Kerry's and Kennedy's" Burke is a Prefect (Cabinet Minister) in the Vatican. Well, NOT A SINGLE USCCB bishop has been summoned to Rome, for not giving notice to "Catholic" pro-abortion lawmakers, as a step for excommunication. Not to mention that the Kennedy burial with two cardinals exalting HIS LEGACY! IS a long announces horrendos SCANDAL recognized by Burke. If he is to walk the walk with those scandal maker bishops, please stop that talk and walk them to refresh their meditations in some Vatican cells. Thank you, Archbishop Burke. Everything you wrote here is what I believe, think and feel but do not possess the eloquence to put into words. I am forwarding this to as many people as possible including my "Catholic" senator, Dickie Durbin. Written by Kathy Manuel You have a point, but lets not thrown the baby out with the bathwater, Archbishop Burke at least is one of the good ones. But he will never rise to a seat of power, instead Cardinal George and even Bishop Murphy (who along with Cardinal Law protected countless pedophile priests) get promoted. If we have a priesthood that is suspected of being anywhere from 30% to 50% homosexual, anyone who speaks out against the pedophiles to openly will be blackballed as the Archbishop has been as he is conservative I think one has to just go back to the moto proprio of Pope Paul VI of September 1965 called Apostolica Sollicitudo where the establishment of the Synod of Bishops was created. This was a huge disaster. It made the Pope a figurehead When I read the encyclicals of Pope Pius X, Leo XIII and so on, it is crystal clear where they stand on a subject. The encyclicals after Humane Vitae have all been about love and ecumenism instead of dealing directly with the threats inside the church and outside, and why she was established by Christ, for the salvation of souls. How many times can one find the word "dignity" in the Second Vatican Council, and encyclicals thereafter, just take a look at the USCCB website and the topics they address, and of course dignity is thrown all over there as well http://www.usccb.org/ Written by Francis Quote(17) The "Scandal" is a Homosexual Predator Scandal, not a Sex Scan September 27th, 2009 | 3:32am Rich referred to the "sex scandal." All Catholics have a duty to read "A Report on the Crisis of the Catholic Church in the United States" by The National Review Board for the Protection of Children and Young People (Feb 27, 2004), in particular, p. 80-81: "However, we must call attention to the homosexual behavior that characterized the vast majority of the cases of abuse observed in recent decades. That eighty-one of the reported victims of sexual abuse by Catholic clergy were boys shows that the crisis was characterized by homosexual behavior.... It has been reported to the Board that, in some areas, the large number of homosexual priests or candidates had the effect of discouraging heterosexual men from seeking to enter the priesthood. In the 1970's and 1980's in particular, there developed at certain seminaries a "gay subculture," and at these seminaries, according to several witnesses, homosexual liaisons occurred among students, or between students and teachers. Such subcultures existed or exist in certain dioceses or orders as well. The board believes that the failure to take disciplinary action against such conduct contributed to an atmosphere in which sexual abuse of adolescent boys by priests was more likely." Bishops like Cardinal Mahony have been trying to cover this up. These were abetted by those like Cardinal McCarrick, who set up his 'child protection' program in the diocese of Washington, DC to undermine the conclusion of the National Review Board, and cunningly reversed the focus toward abuse by 'married heterosexual men.' We should worry about bishops like Mahony and McCarrick, and thank God for those like Archbishop Burke, and pray for all of them, the bad and the good. Written by Chris I wish the Bishops would honor Our Lady of America's request by processing her statue into the Washington Basilica and dedicate the youth of the United States to her purity. WE NEED SUPERNATURAL HELP and the GRACES SUCH AN ACT WOULD BRING US. Rich points to the inability of many to grasp the ideas of the Archbishops message for both educational and moral/cultural reasons (if I grasp his meaning). I, as a sort of lay evangelist, feel better equipped to speak to college students in a language they understand as I use these truths as a launching point. I can now add the necessary illustrations that give young people the needed reference points to put the pieces together. This is precisely the job of our prelates. To equip us to reach the world, not with pep talks and feel-good messages, but with the sure moral and intellectual footing needed to stand firm while messages carefully crafted to elicit compassion and outrage - but at their core are messages of death and destruction - are delivered in rapid succession to a naive and susceptible world. Thank you Holy Spirit for giving us such men! Rich: Polls show that many Independants who voted for President Obama are feeling "buyer's remorse," and it is not surprising that some Catholics, regardless of party affiliation, are beginning to feel the same. I think Catholics who voted for Obama have to examine the reasoning that went into their vote so that we do not have this acrimony in 2012. It appears to me that many Catholics voted for Obama because they hated George Bush due to the War in Iraq. Putting aside for a moment the fact that abortion and euthanasia are on a different level than the War, there are still two problems with voting for Obama on that basis. First, Obama was not running against George Bush. Second, how could anyone believe the War was going to come to an end shortly after Obama took office? Seeking to punish a President who was leaving office by voting for someone with Obama's track record on Life Issues makes no sense to me. Written by Brian English When Archbishop Burke speaks of scandal he speaks only of scandal he does not agree with or wishes to highlight. The scandal of the Catholic Church and it state preference for the poor and then closing soup kitchens where there are great consentrations of poor is a scandal, the Catholic Church not paying a living wage when multiple Popes have supported the need for providing those who work with a dignified life is a scandal, I think about the past two Sunday's second readings, the sex abuse and then hiding it is a scandal. In that area I am reminded of this past Sunday's Gospel - perhaps reading it would help the good Archbishop. If the Bishops, Archbishops and on up and down would like to examine how organizations continue to grow and remain relevant they should recall the last supper where Jesus taught us, especially the disciples to be servants first and not to impose themselves on people. We should review his words to the pharasees and look at who he came to be with. These words and perhaps remembering that Jesus came for those of us who needed Him and still do are sadly missing from the pronounements of various prelates. Written by Andy If conservative and liberal Catholics took half the time they spend slagging on each other, and used it to feed the hungry, people in Darfur would have steak and caviar every day. Written by Mick Mick: It does not matter how much food you send to Darfur if the government seizes all of it and the people who need it can't have it. The Church is also second to no institution in trying to help the poor around the world, so the theory that the conflict between American Catholics over the primacy of Life Issues is somehow impairing that effort is not supported by the facts. Written by Brian English For many of the faithful who conflate all issues related to life within one argument, which too often precludes concrete action connected to traditional Catholic teaching on any, the seamless garment of life approach has become the operating intellectual framework. It has been demolished by many in the past, but its insidious effects linger within the minds and hearts of many of the not well-informed faithful, continuing the confusion around life issues—issues which are clearly hierarchical—with the protection of life of the most innocent and defenseless of all, the growing human being in the womb of the mother, occupying the primary place around which the faithful work to change the laws of our country. And, though the seamless garment argument has been completely destroyed in the past, I have not read as powerful and cogent denunciation of its corrosive impact on life—virtually giving cover to the Culture of Death in America—as in this article by Archbishop Burke. Or at least it isn't for me. The dear Archbishop writes: "According to the proportionalist way of thinking, each of us has the right to choose what are the most important moral issues" If that is so, then I would say proportionalism is no more than moral relativism- and the Seamless Garment of Life for a proportionalist becomes the rent bunch of rags. I guess I got something else out of the Seamless Garment of Life- in fact, quite the opposite. For me- under this beautiful teaching I no longer have the "right to choose"- any moral argument that affects life, between conception and natural death, is equally strong to me, and I can no more vote for a "pro-choice" politician than I can vote for a "pro-preemptive strike" politician or a "pro-pollution" politician. In other words, the very words of the proportionalist movement tie my conscience in such knots that only a Catholic politician in full communion with the Church can get my vote. The Democrats are not. The Republicans, are not. America, in it's very Constitution, denies subsidarity in Article 1, Section 10, and denies solidarity in the First Amendment. Far better not to exercise the right to vote, than to cooperate with evil and endanger one's immortal soul. Written by Ted Seeber Thank you Archbishop Burke for the wonderful and thoughtful testament to our faith and how we should conduct ourselves in society. I was kind of disappointed however, not by those who disagree with the Archbishop per se, but by the people who in the comments above state that the Archbishop has no right to talk about sin and scandal if the Church or any member within it has sinned or has been the cause of scandal. Jesus Christ and the Blessed Virgin Mary were the only ones ever in the history of this planet to have been without sin. If we cannot call something sinful because we have sinned, then we fall into the trap of calling nothing sinful. I understand that people are angry regarding clergy abuse, and we should stand up more to make OUR Church more accountable. We should not, however, refuse to hear about anything regarding sinfulness, just because some of our clergy have sinned. Written by Christine My critic takes my exasperation too literally. To clarify: There is a subset of Catholics exasperated and confused by the back and forth criticisms (and contradictions) between the two camps, particularly those from the bishops. If they can't be unified, how can we? Secondly, the very public battles between the two camps take up a great deal of energy with very little result, IMO. Is anyone's mind changed by all this, or do we just have different bishops preaching to their own choirs? A good argument could be made that the very fabric of the Church is being shredded in the current fracas. All that angry energy could be channeled more constructively somehow. Lastly, if either camp thinks the best outcome is a pure "conservative" or pure "liberal" church, then be careful what you pray for! I fear the victory would be a more than Pyrhhic one, with potential for schism and a great deal of residual rancor. And good luck with the Sunday collection when half your congregation decides to go somewhere else. Written by Mick Mick: I do not consider arguments, even heated ones, about what it means to be Catholic in this culture to be "bickering." These are important issues that have to be discussed. With regard to the Sunday collection, I get the impression, and I think that polls before and after the election, as well as surveys taken during the Notre Dame controversy, support that impression, that Catholics who supported President Obama during those two events are less likely to be weekly Church-goers. Consequently, the impact might not be as great as you think. Written by Brian English Brian: I think we focus on different things. Your concerns are (I'm guessing) more theological, while mine would be more practical or administrative. I'm asking what are the practical effects of the present debate? Is it changing people's minds or is it just stirring up rancor? Is it helpful to the laity for hierarchs to fight in public? Having worked in a number of disfunctional organizations (OK, enough about a career in biotechnology) open fighting among the higher ups never seemed to help morale or improve output in the rest of the firm. After all, a house divided against itself can not stand. Maybe you could tell me what you see the present controversy adds to improving the Church. What is your vision of what the Church should be? What will it take to get there? And what will the ultimate cost be to the Church? Of course, easy for me to ask; books have been written on any one of these questions. I've gotta go get some work done. Have a good day. Ciao! Written by Mick This is the Golden Rule taught to us by Our Lord Jesus through His Apostles in Mathew:16 And the eleven disciples went into Galilee, unto the mountain where Jesus had appointed them. 17 And seeing him they adored: but some doubted. 18 And Jesus coming, spoke to them, saying: All power is given to me in heaven and in earth. 19 Going therefore, teach ye all nations; baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. 20 Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and behold I am with you all days, even to the consummation of the world. Our own Catholics, most who know little or nothing about our faith need to be evangelized first; before they can have “a profound knowledge of others and their beliefs, and the honest acknowledgment of differences of belief”. Dear Archbishop, your article is an excellent teaching tool for us Catholics. However your above statement seems to be contradictory in placing other religions equally with the Catholic Faith and acknowledging Catholicism to be one among many. This leads us to deny the need to evangelize as Jesus taught in the above Gospel passage and is confusing for us Catholics. However, Archbishop you are right in saying: “It is, in fact, of the very nature of the Christian faith to love all men, without boundary or exception…Christian love does not have its foundation in blind tolerance of others and of what they think and say, especially in what may compromise the life of the nation.” True Ecumenism is to follow the above Gospel passage. There are Catholics who through the great mercy of God believe in the Nicene Creed and try to daily live their faith following all the teachings handed down through the ages by the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church. Political correctness and in-fighting have no place in our Catholic Faith. Defenders of Christian marriage and family and the sanctity of life from conception to natural death are not extremists. We Catholics must also take care of life between birth and death and care for the mother and infant, the poor, sick and elderly and the dying. Pro-Lifers have been moved to speak up against the crime of the murder of innocent children created by God. We, the Catholic faithful are members of the Church militant here on earth. We have an obligation to stand up to defend all the teachings of the Catholic Church founded by Jesus Christ. We are also acutely aware that Truth and Charity cannot be separated. Since you mention the Kennedy funeral, I do have a comment. One does not need to be a theologian or a Doctor of Divinity to know when something is terribly wrong. As Catholics we are aware of our own sinfulness. We struggle daily with life’s choices in obedience to all the teachings of our Catholic faith. We fall many a time and keep getting up. The Holy Spirit infuses into our souls the grace received in Baptism, Confirmation and the graces received in the Holy Eucharist which grows as we strive to be holy. This grace sears into our hearts, minds and conscience what is truth and false. We then know in our bones, in the depths of our being what is intrinsically sinful and wrong and what is innately good and beautiful. As always, this scandal was caused not by Ted Kennedy or his family but by the Bishop or bishops and priests who should have known better, yet permitted this man to have a fully televised, Catholic Requiem Mass in the Basilica of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. Bishops and priests do not own the sacraments to do as they please. They are the guardians, defenders and administrators of the Sacraments, especially the Holy Eucharist. Ted Kennedy came from a very prominent so called Catholic Family whose many members have openly defied the teachings and laws of the Catholic Church through their actions such as divorce, infidelity, support of abortion, euthanasia and open rebellion to the magisterium of the Catholic Church. Under the pretext of civil liberties and protecting women’s rights, this man helped enact laws which have disastrous repercussions and continuity for years to come. Ted Kennedy facilitated and promoted killing of the innocent unborn among other things. He was a prominent public sinner and as such his repentance should have been public. Instead of writing to the Pope he should have written a note to be read at his funeral Mass (which is reported that he and his second wife planned together), where he admitted that he had sinned and what he did was morally and ethically sinful. The sacrament of penance is between the sinner, the priest and God. God is merciful and welcomes the repentant sinner. I have no problem with Ted Kennedy having a private Requiem Mass. However, as a well informed Catholic myself, I know that for a valid confession, one has to admit that one’s sins were willfully committed with full knowledge that they were sinful and evil; that one detests them; and will with the grace of God give up and not repeat them. Contd. Written by Celine de Silva Contd… To all politicians who call themselves Roman Catholic, and to those who sing the praises of Ted Kennedy, remember, in the end Ted Kennedy had to admit that he was wrong; that he abhorred all that he stood for, advocated, promoted and enacted by using his earthly power to commit sins against God and man. He had to retract what he said and did so publicly against life itself acknowledging that they were wrong. What an example he could have been. An opportunity missed. He should have been looking at St. Thomas Moore the patron saint of politicians. It is not too late for living politicians who call themselves Catholic and will want a public demonstration of pomp and splendour in a Catholic cathedral or basilica when the time comes. They should take a hard look at their own lifestyles, examples they set and Catholic morals, values and teachings of the Catholic Church. It’s not too late for them while they still have the gift of life which some of them have denied to others. One can deceive oneself and others but one cannot deceive GOD. As for some cardinals, bishops and priests, I wonder if you even believe in the Church that Jesus founded or Jesus Himself. Many a time your actions, words and behaviour is scandalous. Your responsibility is very grave and you will have to answer to the Judge Who is not only merciful but also JUST. To whom much is given, much is required. Written by Celine de Silva I certainly agree that it is better to have harmonious conditions in an organization of any size. You are also right that I am approaching this from a theological point of view, but this dispute is a theological one. It goes to the essential question of what it means to be a Catholic. From the very beginning of the Church, a clear distinction between the Christians and the pagans living around them was that the Christians rejected abortion and infanticide. In the past presidential election, a majority of the people who identified themselves as Catholics voted for a man whose record on Life Issues is abysmal. Some justified that vote by reasoning that Senator Obama would do more for the poor, which, theoretically might result in fewer abortions. Others thought Obama would end the War in Iraq. The Notre Dame fiasco just fanned the flames created by the election. I believe that if you look at B16's writings, both before and after he became Pope, it is clear that abortion and euthanasia are on a different level. A society that promotes, or even just tolerates, those evils is always going to fail in its efforts to alleviate material deprivation; such a society will have a malignancy at its core that will contaminate any good that society seeks to accomplish. Written by Brian English Good comments Celine. You should write for Inside Catholic. Written by Christine Ted: While it is possible to withdraw from active participation in the political life of our country, I would argue that intrinsic evil must be resisted with all peaceful means at our disposal. I do not know of the "pro-preemptive strike" or "pro-pollution" politicians you refer to. However, I cannot ignore those who in their appeals to potential voters support policies that would deny others the protections that have been afforded them, whether that protection was by free choice or constrained by law. The candidates opposing those polocies will always get my vote. Were there consensus among all Catholics to oppose abortion with their vote for just one or two election cycles, we could end its legal sanction. Pleas consider that your possible vote could help to that end. The perfect must not become the enemy of the good. Written by Rick Bray Not being a theologian by any means, I read he whole article by Archbishop Burke (except for a few words!)but understood clearly. I wish to thank the Archbishop from the bottom of my heart. Those who are deeply concerned about our secular world and by Catholic politicians who are ignoring the great immorality they supporting; when thy warn of the consequences of ignoring the true meaning of life, they will be in a difficult position and know they have to suffer and called disturbers and division makers. About the Kennedy funeral what did it say to all the Kennedy's and to the Politicians? Just copy your uncle and your colleague, no harm was done? May God be with us. Marie Jalsevac Written by Marie Thank you, Archbishop, for speaking the truth. Perhaps we can now turn to the non-stop scandal of the Catholic Campaign for Human Development? Written by Fr Michael I found this to be a very well written and clear teaching from whast I feel to be one of our best shepherds, thank you Archbishop Burke for your willingness to publically provide instruction (and be willing to bear the criticisms that inevitably in today's culture come along with it.) Written by Tim Guess one can say "salt and light make you blind / Light and Salt make you bold". If only such articles and voices got more spreading via the media.![]() Written by Ale Archbishop Burke's address lays solid groundwork for an episcopal statement describing the kinds of legislative actions which would cause a Catholic politician to be excommunicated. Saint Jerome, pray for us! Written by Matthew Masotti FINALLY, the pro-life movement has a very senior prelate in the RC Church willing to at least defend the critics of the quislings within the Church that make the wholly pragmatic (but not the least bit spiritual) decision to ally themselves with patrons in powerful secular positions that proudly support the destruction of millions of lives. I'm not a Catholic (ooops - I hope I can comment), so I don't know the inside baseball in your church. But perhaps one of you who does know how things really work there could explain to me why, when RC baby priests are excommunicated at the first sign of a crack in their not fully-formed faith (e.g., in Illinois earlier this year), no Bishop, no Archbishop, no Cardinal and no Pope ever got around to excommunicating somebody like Teddy Kennedy for the scandal that his arrogant, obstinate, clergy-tolerated, and decades-long heresy inflicted on the Church ? If the Church continues to refuse to use any of its simple canonical mechanisms to discipline the Kennedys of the world, the rest of us will just continue to respect the RC clergy and laity that have been consistently putting themselves on the line for the pro-life movement while marveling at their courage and steadfastness in doing so in the face of great lip service, but, in fact, substantive indifference, by the Church hierarchy. Written by L S B |




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Guess one can say "salt and light make you blind / Light and Salt make you bold". If only such articles and voices got more spreading via the media.

